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Transport Layer – 20 MCQs

1.
Which OSI layer provides end-to-end process-to-process communication?
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Application Layer
The Transport Layer ensures reliable or unreliable delivery from process to process.
2.
What is the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) of the Transport Layer called?
Segment
Packet
Frame
Bit
Transport layer PDUs are called segments; Network layer uses packets, Data Link uses frames.
3.
How does the Transport Layer identify specific applications on devices?
Port numbers
IP addresses
MAC addresses
Domain names
Transport layer uses 16-bit port numbers (0–65535) to identify applications.
4.
Which Transport Layer protocol provides reliable, connection-oriented communication?
TCP
UDP
IP
ICMP
TCP ensures reliability, sequencing, and error checking; UDP is connectionless.
5.
Which Transport Layer protocol is fast, connectionless, and unreliable?
UDP
TCP
HTTP
FTP
UDP provides quick, connectionless delivery but no guaranteed reliability.
6.
What process does the Transport Layer use to divide large data into smaller pieces?
Segmentation
Fragmentation
Encapsulation
Routing
Segmentation divides application data into smaller segments for transport.
7.
Which Transport Layer function prevents a fast sender from overwhelming a slow receiver?
Flow control
Segmentation
Addressing
Encapsulation
Flow control ensures the receiver can handle incoming data at its own pace.
8.
Which Transport Layer mechanism detects lost or corrupted segments?
Error control
Routing
Forwarding
Multiplexing
Error control ensures reliable data delivery by detecting and retransmitting lost or corrupted segments.
9.
Which Transport Layer function establishes, maintains, and terminates connections?
Connection management
Routing
Fragmentation
Flow control
Connection management ensures proper session setup, maintenance, and teardown in TCP.
10.
Which port numbers are reserved for standard services like HTTP, FTP, and SMTP?
Well-known ports
Registered ports
Dynamic ports
Private ports
Well-known ports range from 0-1023 and are reserved for standard services.
11.
MySQL server typically uses which type of port number?
Registered ports
Well-known ports
Dynamic ports
Static ports
Registered ports (1024–49151) are assigned to user/application services like MySQL → 3306.
12.
Which type of ports is used temporarily by client applications?
Dynamic/Private ports
Well-known ports
Registered ports
Static ports
Dynamic/Private ports (49152–65535) are temporary ports used by client applications.
13.
Which devices commonly process Transport Layer segments?
Router/Gateway/Firewall
Switch/Hub
Repeater
Access Point
Routers, gateways, and firewalls often examine Transport Layer segments for routing or filtering.
14.
What is the range of TCP/UDP port numbers?
0-65535
0-1023
1024-49151
49152-65535
Port numbers are 16-bit, ranging from 0 to 65535.
15.
Transport Layer communication is considered what type of communication?
Process-to-process
Host-to-host
Network-to-network
Frame-to-frame
Transport Layer provides end-to-end (process-to-process) communication between applications.
16.
Breaking large messages into smaller units at the Transport Layer is called?
Segmentation
Fragmentation
Multiplexing
Encapsulation
Segmentation ensures messages are split into manageable pieces for transport.
17.
Which protocol ensures ordered delivery of data at the Transport Layer?
TCP
UDP
IP
ICMP
TCP guarantees sequencing and reliable delivery; UDP does not.
18.
Which protocol is suitable for streaming and real-time applications where speed is more important than reliability?
UDP
TCP
FTP
SMTP
UDP is used for streaming, gaming, and VoIP where speed is critical.
19.
Transport Layer allows multiple applications to use the network simultaneously through?
Multiplexing
Segmentation
Routing
Encapsulation
Multiplexing enables multiple processes to share the same network connection.
20.
Transport Layer protocols can be either:
Connection-oriented or connectionless
Only connection-oriented
Only connectionless
Neither
TCP is connection-oriented; UDP is connectionless.
1.
Which OSI layer provides end-to-end communication between processes?
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Transport Layer ensures process-to-process communication between applications.
2.
What is the process of dividing large messages into smaller units called?
Segmentation
Fragmentation
Encapsulation
Multiplexing
Segmentation breaks data into manageable segments for transport.
3.
Which Transport Layer function ensures the receiver is not overwhelmed by a fast sender?
Flow control
Error control
Routing
Encapsulation
Flow control adjusts data flow to match receiver capacity.
4.
Which Transport Layer protocol guarantees reliable, ordered delivery?
TCP
UDP
IP
ICMP
TCP is connection-oriented and ensures reliable delivery; UDP is connectionless.
5.
How does the Transport Layer identify specific applications on a host?
Port numbers
IP addresses
MAC addresses
Domain names
16-bit port numbers (0–65535) identify applications for communication.
6.
Transport Layer allows multiple applications to use the network simultaneously through?
Multiplexing
Segmentation
Routing
Encapsulation
Multiplexing allows multiple processes to share one connection.
7.
Which port range is used temporarily by client applications for outbound connections?
Dynamic/Private ports
Well-known ports
Registered ports
Static ports
Dynamic ports (49152–65535) are temporary client ports for sessions.
8.
Transport Layer protocols can be categorized as?
Connection-oriented or connectionless
Only connection-oriented
Only connectionless
Neither
TCP is connection-oriented; UDP is connectionless.
9.
Which Transport Layer mechanism ensures reliable delivery by retransmitting lost or corrupted segments?
Error control
Flow control
Segmentation
Multiplexing
Error control ensures retransmission of lost/corrupt segments for reliability.
10.
Which devices typically inspect Transport Layer segments for filtering or routing?
Router/Gateway/Firewall
Switch/Hub
Repeater
Access Point
Routers, gateways, and firewalls process Transport Layer segments for decisions.

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